C# 运算符重载
您可以重定义或重载 C# 中内置的运算符。因此,程序员也可以使用用户自定义类型的运算符。重载运算符是具有特殊名称的函数,是通过关键字 operator 后跟运算符的符号来定义的。与其他函数一样,重载运算符有返回类型和参数列表。
例如,请看下面的函数:
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| public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c) { Box box = new Box(); box.length = b.length + c.length; box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth; box.height = b.height + c.height; return box; }
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上面的函数为用户自定义的类 Box 实现了加法运算符(+)。它把两个 Box 对象的属性相加,并返回相加后的 Box 对象。
运算符重载的实现
下面的程序演示了完整的实现:
实例
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| using System;
namespace OperatorOvlApplication { class Box { private double length; private double breadth; private double height;
public double getVolume() { return length * breadth * height; } public void setLength( double len ) { length = len; }
public void setBreadth( double bre ) { breadth = bre; }
public void setHeight( double hei ) { height = hei; } public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c) { Box box = new Box(); box.length = b.length + c.length; box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth; box.height = b.height + c.height; return box; }
}
class Tester { static void Main(string[] args) { Box Box1 = new Box(); Box Box2 = new Box(); Box Box3 = new Box(); double volume = 0.0;
Box1.setLength(6.0); Box1.setBreadth(7.0); Box1.setHeight(5.0);
Box2.setLength(12.0); Box2.setBreadth(13.0); Box2.setHeight(10.0);
volume = Box1.getVolume(); Console.WriteLine("Box1 的体积: {0}", volume);
volume = Box2.getVolume(); Console.WriteLine("Box2 的体积: {0}", volume);
Box3 = Box1 + Box2;
volume = Box3.getVolume(); Console.WriteLine("Box3 的体积: {0}", volume); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
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当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
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| Box1 的体积: 210 Box2 的体积: 1560 Box3 的体积: 5400
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可重载和不可重载运算符
下表描述了 C# 中运算符重载的能力:
运算符 |
描述 |
+, -, !, ~, ++, – |
这些一元运算符只有一个操作数,且可以被重载。 |
+, -, *, /, % |
这些二元运算符带有两个操作数,且可以被重载。 |
==, !=, <, >, <=, >= |
这些比较运算符可以被重载。 |
&&, || |
这些条件逻辑运算符不能被直接重载。 |
+=, -=, *=, /=, %= |
这些赋值运算符不能被重载。 |
=, ., ?:, ->, new, is, sizeof, typeof |
这些运算符不能被重载。 |
实例
针对上述讨论,让我们扩展上面的实例,重载更多的运算符:
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| using System;
namespace OperatorOvlApplication { class Box { private double length; private double breadth; private double height; public double getVolume() { return length * breadth * height; } public void setLength( double len ) { length = len; }
public void setBreadth( double bre ) { breadth = bre; }
public void setHeight( double hei ) { height = hei; } public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c) { Box box = new Box(); box.length = b.length + c.length; box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth; box.height = b.height + c.height; return box; } public static bool operator == (Box lhs, Box rhs) { bool status = false; if (lhs.length == rhs.length && lhs.height == rhs.height && lhs.breadth == rhs.breadth) { status = true; } return status; } public static bool operator !=(Box lhs, Box rhs) { bool status = false; if (lhs.length != rhs.length || lhs.height != rhs.height || lhs.breadth != rhs.breadth) { status = true; } return status; } public static bool operator <(Box lhs, Box rhs) { bool status = false; if (lhs.length < rhs.length && lhs.height < rhs.height && lhs.breadth < rhs.breadth) { status = true; } return status; }
public static bool operator >(Box lhs, Box rhs) { bool status = false; if (lhs.length > rhs.length && lhs.height > rhs.height && lhs.breadth > rhs.breadth) { status = true; } return status; }
public static bool operator <=(Box lhs, Box rhs) { bool status = false; if (lhs.length <= rhs.length && lhs.height <= rhs.height && lhs.breadth <= rhs.breadth) { status = true; } return status; }
public static bool operator >=(Box lhs, Box rhs) { bool status = false; if (lhs.length >= rhs.length && lhs.height >= rhs.height && lhs.breadth >= rhs.breadth) { status = true; } return status; } public override string ToString() { return String.Format("({0}, {1}, {2})", length, breadth, height); } } class Tester { static void Main(string[] args) { Box Box1 = new Box(); Box Box2 = new Box(); Box Box3 = new Box(); Box Box4 = new Box(); double volume = 0.0;
Box1.setLength(6.0); Box1.setBreadth(7.0); Box1.setHeight(5.0);
Box2.setLength(12.0); Box2.setBreadth(13.0); Box2.setHeight(10.0);
Console.WriteLine("Box1: {0}", Box1.ToString()); Console.WriteLine("Box2: {0}", Box2.ToString()); volume = Box1.getVolume(); Console.WriteLine("Box1 的体积: {0}", volume);
volume = Box2.getVolume(); Console.WriteLine("Box2 的体积: {0}", volume);
Box3 = Box1 + Box2; Console.WriteLine("Box3: {0}", Box3.ToString()); volume = Box3.getVolume(); Console.WriteLine("Box3 的体积: {0}", volume);
if (Box1 > Box2) Console.WriteLine("Box1 大于 Box2"); else Console.WriteLine("Box1 不大于 Box2"); if (Box1 < Box2) Console.WriteLine("Box1 小于 Box2"); else Console.WriteLine("Box1 不小于 Box2"); if (Box1 >= Box2) Console.WriteLine("Box1 大于等于 Box2"); else Console.WriteLine("Box1 不大于等于 Box2"); if (Box1 <= Box2) Console.WriteLine("Box1 小于等于 Box2"); else Console.WriteLine("Box1 不小于等于 Box2"); if (Box1 != Box2) Console.WriteLine("Box1 不等于 Box2"); else Console.WriteLine("Box1 等于 Box2"); Box4 = Box3; if (Box3 == Box4) Console.WriteLine("Box3 等于 Box4"); else Console.WriteLine("Box3 不等于 Box4");
Console.ReadKey(); } } }
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当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
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| Box1: (6, 7, 5) Box2: (12, 13, 10) Box1 的体积: 210 Box2 的体积: 1560 Box3: (18, 20, 15) Box3 的体积: 5400 Box1 不大于 Box2 Box1 小于 Box2 Box1 不大于等于 Box2 Box1 小于等于 Box2 Box1 不等于 Box2 Box3 等于 Box4
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